Crankshaft is concussion bears in engine it is load, important to deliver dynamic spare parts, in engine 5 big in most assure to machine quality hard. Because crankshaft work requirement is abominable, because this is qualitative to crankshaft material and the requirement such as surface roughness of semifinished product processing technique, precision, surface, heat treatment and exterior aggrandizement, dynamic balancing is very strict. If among them any link quality did not get assuring, can affect the service life of crankshaft and overall reliability badly. Developed country of world auto industry takes the treatment of crankshaft seriously very, improve crankshaft to machine craft ceaselessly. As the affiliation of WTO, domestic crankshaft produces manufacturer to had realized pressing sex of the situation, introduced the advanced equipment with not little amount to and technology, with period the integral competition ability that enhances a product, make the level had the production technology of crankshaft to rise considerably, develop nearly 5 years especially more swift and violent. At present the car has nodular cast iron and steel character with engine crankshaft material two kinds. Because the cutting performance of nodular cast iron is good, can win better structural figure, and pledge with steel crankshaft can undertake all sorts of heat treatment and exterior aggrandizement are handled euqally come to those who raise crankshaft fight fatigue intensity, hardness and wearability. Cost of crankshaft of nodular cast iron moves the 1/3 of cost of qualitative steel crankshaft to control only, so crankshaft of nodular cast iron is in got domestic and internationally applied extensively. Statistical data makes clear, the scale that the car uses material of nodular cast iron to pledge with engine crankshaft is in the United States 90% , england is 85% , japan is 60% , in addition, already big also batch uses the country such as Germany, Belgium. The trend that home uses crankshaft of nodular cast iron is more clear, medium or small 85% above use crankshaft of power diesel engine nodular cast iron, power uses forged steel crankshaft more in the engine crankshaft of 160kW above. Crankshaft makes a technology / after the semifinished product of crankshaft of progress nodular cast iron of craft casts a few kinds of brands such as the manufacturing afterwards QT800-2 of crankshaft of technical nodular cast iron, QT900-2, the Guangxi jade bavin crankshaft that already can stabilize manufacturing QT800-6 brand through tackling key problem, for crankshaft " with Tie Daigang " laid a foundation. Low sulfur of fusion high temperature is pure the key that the acquisition of molten iron is nodular cast iron of manufacturing high quality. Home basically is the manufacturing facilities that gives priority to with cupola, molten iron did not undertake beforehand desulphurization processing; It is high pure next quality of little, coke differs cast iron. Already used double couplet at present adscititious beforehand the fusion method of desulphurization, use cupola fused molten iron, via the to decoke outside furnace, warm up in electric induction furnace next and adjust composition. Current, in composition of domestic molten iron detect use vacuum generally already to read spectrometer to undertake continuously. Craft of modelling of concussion of modelling air current is apparent excel clay-bonded sand craft, can win the crankshaft cast of high accuracy, the sand mold that this craft designs is had without rebound the characteristic such as deflection, this is attached most importance to especially to much abduct crankshaft should. Current, home already had a few crankshaft to produce manufacturer to introduce air current to pound modelling craft from the country such as Germany, Italy, Spain, nevertheless, introduce those who make a product line to seldom count manufacturer only, if limited company of crankshaft of Wen Dengtian embellish introduced German KW,cast product line. Of steel crankshaft semifinished product forging technology in last few years, home already introduced a batch to forging advancedly equipment, but because the amount is little, production technology of together with mould and a few otherer establishment does not follow to go up, make advanced equipment did not produce one part due action. From will tell on the whole, those who need the stale that transform and updates is common forging equipment is much, in the meantime, backward craft and equipment still hold dominant position, the advanced technique applies somewhat but unpopular still. Machining technology is current majority of domestic crankshaft product line is comprised by general accuracy machine tool and special machine tool, manufacturing efficiency and automation degree are relatively inferior. Rough machining equipment uses neck of main shaft of crankshaft of turning of much knife lathe and abduct neck more, the quality stability of working procedure is poor, produce greater internal stress easily, achieve reasonable mental allowance hard. General precision work uses the crankshaft grinder kibble such as MQ8260 - half essence is ground - essence of life is ground - polishing, rely on manual operation normally, treatment quality is not stable. As the arrival of commerce globalization, each manufacturer already realized austere sex of the situation, undertake technical reformation in succession, promote the competition ability of the enterprise with all one's strength, introduced a lot of advanced equipment and technology in recent years, progress rate is very rapid. Current the state will tell, these equipment and technology count an import basically. Below with respect to Harbin east install big bavin of motivation, one steam, Wen Dengtian embellish crankshaft, bank the case that city sea gets the company such as crankshaft is made in order to introduce. Harbin east install group crankshaft product line to be full automatic flexible water product line, rough machining product line by private plane transfer matic of Germany (car of LINDENMAIER) , numerical control - the car is pulled, numerical control high speed follows the mill outside moving (BOEHRINGER) , round horn rolls press (HEGENSCHEIDT-MFD) and stop the car that choose a side rolls private plane, quench machine (the composition such as EMA) ; Finish machining product line by grinder of CBN of numerical control high speed (TOYODA) , dynamic balancing machine, polisher (IMPCO-NACHI) , detect the composition such as machine, cleaning machine. Treatment of connecting rod journal used numerical control high speed to follow use processing technique, all fronts uses technology of grinding of emery wheel of high speed CBN, grinding linear velocity achieves 120m/s. Crankshaft of Wen Dengtian embellish carries the advanced equipment that introduces the developed country such as heart, beautiful, meaning, established have current international the large crankshaft of advanced level produces base, mix by vertical of CBN grinder, HAAS the plane that the equipment such as the milling machine inside crankshaft of HELLER of grinder of SAIMP of horizontal machining center, Italy, Germany and SA-FINA polisher constitutes machines product line to had begun large quantities of quantities to produce. Working procedure of thick, finish machining is located in product line of crankshaft of one steam big bavin different workshop, assured the cleanness of finish machining workshop thereby. Rough machining has the machine of crankshaft quality centering, facility such as the milling machine inside numerical control, finish machining equipment by the entrance such as grinder of crankshaft of numerical control of TOYADA of British LANDIS, Japan advanced equipment is comprised. Bank city sea gets crankshaft to pass technical reformation, established machine of numerical control crankshaft to machine product line, rough machining equipment is comprised by the equipment such as milling machine of crankshaft of numerical control lathe, numerical control, finish machining equipment by arenaceous belt of numerical control grinder, numerical control polisher, boil burnish overall wait for equipment composition, the near future prepares to purchase grinder of numerical control of machine of Japanese TOYADA project to wait for crucial equipment, examine equipment has American ADCOLE crankshaft 3 coordinate measure the machine, composition such as surface roughness appearance. Be worth what carry is, the sea gets crankshaft company to be in manufacturer of countrywide professional crankshaft took the lead in applying round horn of crankshaft of nodular cast iron to press and boil in the home burnish renewing technology, gained good economic benefits and social benefit. Can see, progress of engine crankshaft production technology is most rapid is machining equipment, more typical treatment craft is milling and grinding. Grinder of crankshaft of brief introduction GF70M-T is mixed below high speed of VDF 315 OM-4 lets the milling machine outside moving, its see one spot into degree first: GF70M-T crankshaft grinder is the special crankshaft grinder that Japanese TOYADA is versed in machine development is produced, it is to satisfy much breed, low cost, high accuracy, big batch the grinding machine of numerical control crankshaft that production needs and designs. This grinder applies workpiece circumgyrate and linkage of servo of emery wheel feed to control a technology, can hold clip and do not change crankshaft centre of turning circle to be able to finish the grinding of all journal, include to follow move dog journal of grinding connecting rod; Use static pressure main shaft, static pressure slideway, static press feed guide screw (emery wheel head is worn) with linear grating closed-loop control, use TOYADA is versed in the GC50 CNC of engine production controls a system, precision of grinding journal circularity can be achieved 0. 002mm; Use CBN emery wheel, grinding linear velocity is as high as 120m/s, match head of double emery wheel to wear, grinding efficiency is extremely tall. High speed of VDF 315 OM-4 lets the milling machine outside moving is German BOEHRINGER company what be design of car engine crankshaft to make only is flexible CNC Milling, this equipment applies workpiece circumgyrate and servo of milling cutter feed to use control technology repeatedly, can install clip not to change crankshaft centre of turning circle to follow move dog the connecting rod journal of milling crankshaft. High speed of VDF 315 OM-4 uses lathe bed of structure of unifinication composite material along with the mill outside moving, workpiece synchronism of two upright electrons rotates drive, have precision of dry type cutting, treatment efficiency of tall, cutting is advanced characteristic; Use SIEMENS 840D CNC controls a system, equipment operates a manual to be on man-machine interface, through the input the basic parameter of the spare parts can create machine program automatically, can add section chief to spend diameter of 450 ～ 700mm, circumgyrate to be in all sorts of crankshaft of 380mm less than, error of diameter of connecting rod journal is ± 0.
02mm. The technology of heat treatment key of heat treatment and crankshaft of technology of exterior aggrandizement processing is exterior aggrandizement processing. Crankshaft of nodular cast iron all uses normalizing processing commonly, make good organization preparation for finishing, exterior aggrandizement processing uses an induction to quench commonly or nitrogen changes technology. Forged steel crankshaft uses journal and round horn to quench craft. Introduced device has AEG full automatic crankshaft quenchs machine tool, EMA quenchs the machine tool. Introduce according to foreign data, crankshaft of nodular cast iron uses round horn to boil press craft and ionic nitrogen to change union to use undertake compound aggrandizement, can make make a crankshaft fight fatigue intensity to raise 130% above. Domestic share manufacturer also had the practice of this respect in last few years, obtained favorable result. Crankshaft round horn boils control treatment aspect, a place of strategic importance of German conspicuous root is particular (the machine tool that HEGENSCHEIDT-MFD AUTOMATIC) manufactures applied transformation force to boil press and correctional and patent technology, it is to compare good round part to boil press facility, but the price is high. At present home also had certain positive result in the research of this respect, of institute of craft of limited company of east wind car " crankshaft round horn rolls intensity of pressure to change with boil press alignment technology to study development and application " solved domestic company to change gigantic endowment the issue that introduces foreign technology, this task obtained former state machinery to be versed in trade bureau science and technology progresses second-class award. The development trend of crankshaft production technology casts technical fusion to tall brand fuses cast-ironly, will use furnace of high capacity intermediate frequency to undertake fusion or fusion of furnace of frequency conversion intermediate frequency, use read spectrometer to detect continuously molten iron composition. Processing of nodular cast iron uses subcontract, develop new breed ball to change an agent, use along with stream be pregnant with, model inside the method of advanced be pregnant with such as be pregnant with and compound be pregnant with. Each parameter of fused process realizes personal computer control and screen to show. Modelling disappears the model is cast will get develop and be popularizinged. Cast in sand mold in, shoot without box press modelling and extruding modelling to take seriously and will be continued to be in build a plant or rebuild application of the promotion in the factory. Original high-pressured model line will continue to use, among them partial key component will get improvement, implementation is automatic group core and next core. Forging technology in order to heat up die forging compressor, electro-hydraulic the transfer matic that hammer is lead plane is to forging the development way that crankshaft produces, these product line will use nicety generally to cut forge of next makings, roller (wedge horizontal make friends) make induction of base, intermediate frequency heat, finishing hydraulic press the advanced technology such as pressing of essence of life, deserve to have the subsidiary engine such as the manipulator, conveyer belt, device changing a pattern that brings back revolving stage at the same time, form flexible production system (FMS) . Can change automatically through FMS workpiece and mould and undertake parameter adjustment automatically, measure ceaselessly in working process. Show and record the data such as forging ply and the greatest pressure to be compared with calm value, choose optimal deflection in order to acquire high grade product. By monitoring of central control room whole system, implementation nobody turn an operation. Rough machining of machining technology crankshaft will use the advanced equipment such as broaching machine of car of the milling machine inside numerical control lathe, numerical control, numerical control extensively to undertake CNC Turning to journal of main shaft neck, connecting rod, inside milling, car - broaching treatment, with reducing the deflection that crankshaft machines effectively. Crankshaft finish machining will use grinder of CNC pilot crankshaft extensively to undertake to its journal essence of life grinds treatment. This kind of grinder will deploy emery wheel device of automatic dynamic balancing, center wearing dogs automatically to be measured device, automatically, automatic compensation device, emery wheel is automatic the functional requirement such as linear velocity of nap, constant, in order to assure the stability of grinding quality. High spirit equipment depends on the current situation of the entrance, estimation is short-term inside won't change. Heat treatment technology and induction of intermediate frequency of crankshaft of exterior aggrandizement technology quench induction of crankshaft intermediate frequency quenchs will use induction of intermediate frequency of closed circuit of personal computer monitoring to add shrinkage fitting buy, have efficiency stability of tall, quality, move can accuse to wait for a characteristic. Crankshaft soft nitrogen changes the crankshaft that produces to large quantities of quantities for, to improve product quality, will use personal computer pilot henceforth soft nitrogen of gas of azotic radical atmosphere turns product line. Soft nitrogen of gas of azotic radical atmosphere turns product line by before cleaning machine (clean dry) , warm-up furnace, soft nitrogen changes furnace, cooling oil groove, hind cleaning machine (clean dry) , control system and make gas match gas to wait for systematic composition. Round horn of crankshaft of nodular cast iron of technology of crankshaft surface aggrandizement rolls intensity of pressure to change will extensive in crankshaft treatment applying, additional, round horn rolls intensity of pressure to change add journal surface to quench in waiting for compound aggrandizement craft to also will apply at crankshaft to machine in great quantities, means of aggrandizement of forged steel crankshaft will use journal morely to add round horn to quench processing. CNC Milling
CNC Machining